How do HVAC systems work?

Heating: In heating mode, the HVAC system extracts heat from a fuel source (such as gas, oil, or electricity) using a furnace, boiler, or heat pump. The heat is then distributed through the building via ductwork or radiators. Thermostats control the desired temperature, activating the heating system when the temperature falls below the set point.

Ventilation: Ventilation ensures the exchange of indoor and outdoor air to maintain air quality. Fresh air can be brought in through ducts or openings, while stale air is expelled through exhaust systems. Mechanical ventilation systems, such as fans, blowers, or air handling units, help circulate and distribute air throughout the space.

Air Conditioning: When cooling is required, the HVAC system uses a refrigeration cycle to remove heat from the indoor air. A compressor compresses and pumps refrigerant, which absorbs heat from the indoor air and releases it outside through a condenser. The cooled air is then distributed back into the building through ductwork or vents. The process also removes moisture from the air, reducing humidity.

Ductwork: Ductwork provides a network of channels or pipes that distribute conditioned air throughout the building. The supply ducts deliver conditioned air to different areas, while return ducts bring back stale air to be treated and reconditioned.

Controls: HVAC systems utilize controls, such as thermostats or building automation systems, to regulate and monitor the operation of heating, ventilation, and cooling. Users can set desired temperature levels, fan speeds, and schedules, allowing for automatic adjustments and energy efficiency optimization.

Air Filtration: HVAC systems incorporate filters to purify incoming air by capturing dust, pollen, allergens, and other particles. This helps improve indoor air quality and protects the system components.